It was a freezing cold day in St Paul, Minnesota, when Nekima Levy Armstrong, a civil rights attorney and ordained minister, was taken away in handcuffs by federal agents. Days earlier, on 7 January, Levy Armstrong had joined others in leading a protest at a local church where one of the pastors had allegedly been identified as a field director for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). A handful of protesters interrupted the service, chanting ‘ICE out!’ and ‘Justice for Renée Good!’ with their hands in the air.

Levy Armstrong’s arrest came less than two weeks after the killing of Renée Good in the snowy streets of south Minneapolis by ICE officer Jonathan Ross, and six days before the shooting of ICU nurse Alex Pretti by a US Border Patrol agent.